Can Television Improve Social and Political Life in the United States?

Throughout history television has been used to improve social and political life in the United States in many ways. Television reaches millions of viewers in the United States on a daily basis. It is an important form of communication and has been for many years. Television brings important historical events, both positive and negative, directly into the homes of America. People do not only read about current events, they experience them in real time. Society and Television Television can be used as an education tool because there are many television shows on the air that are informative and educational. The right television shows can teach our children about morals and values. Educational television is not only for children, television channels such as â€Å"National Geographic† and â€Å"The History Channel† can serve as learning tools for adults. There are also programs that educate society about problems and concerns about the social and political aspects in America. Since there is at least one television in each household, it is the best tool to use when airing news broadcasts used address a large audience (Csun. edu). Issues such as the large rate of unemployment or political happenings in the country are made known to the American public. Using television to educate those who do not know all of the facts and data related to issues of society is one way these issues can be addressed. Airing programs that address these issues during prime time news or highly watched shows would utilize the influence that television has and reach a large number of people at one time. One way to improve social life in the United States is to let the majority of the population know what is going on in America. When awareness is improved, news coverage and politics begin to get involved with the issues that the American people are concerned about. Political Television The television can be used to improve political life as well. The news stations cover and dramatize the news when it comes to politics. There is always a politician arguing over the latest issue that has arisen. Even though these types of arguments are sometimes dramatized, it gives the American people a chance to view both sides of an issue. Television also airs messages from politicians who are campaigning for seats in the Senate or House. This is useful with providing American people with knowledge about candidates and what they stand for. The American people get to see the pros and cons of one side versus the other side and then decide who they agree with. Television can improve political life by informing Americans about who stands for what and what the politician’s goals may be (abelard. org). A person is better suited to make a clear and conscious decision about who they want to vote for in any election through the information that television provides to the public. Television helps improve both social and political life in by raising awareness of social issues and informing people about political aspects that are going on in the United States.

Lab motherboard

Full name and student old on all pages. All labs have to be done during lab time, in the lab room. Each lab has to be checked by the Instructor progressively during lab time. You must call your instructor to check your work and sign It whenever you reach the point asking for the Instructor's Inhalants or signature. LAB 1. Gather and Record System Information Objectives: Gather system information by observing a system use available software tools to access specific system information Activity Background: When working with a computer system, it's a good idea to know hat components are installed on the system. This lab helps you identify some of the components as you gather information by observing the system and using system tools. 1. LAB SETUP: You have three systems that you can work on.On your desk, the HP Compact 5700 system with Windows XP operating system and an Anted – Windows 7 (Sonata Ill 500 case with the Intel desktop board DIPSOS and Windows 7 Operating System). Unde r your desk you have another HP Compact 8100 system that is connected to the college network and has access to the Internet. For this lab and all other labs you will be working on the two systems located on your desk. Do not open any system yet. Inspect both of your systems. Do they have any Identification on them indicating manufacturer, model, or component Information?If so, list this Information in the space below. 2. How many CD or DVD drives does each system have? Does each one of your systems support? 4. What is the type of the mouse the systems use? 5. Open the case of the HP Compact 5700 system. How many internal hard drives does your system have? 6. How many memory modules are installed? 7. If you can state the manufacturer and model of the motherboard the system is using. 8. Boot on the HP Windows XP system and make sure Windows starts with no errors. 9. On your Windows XP desktop, click Start, then Control Panel.Double-click system to open the System Properties window. An swer the following questions. A) Which SO is installed? B) What is the version number of your computer Operating System? C) Does it have a Service pack? Which one? D) Who is the system registered to? E) According to the System Properties, what type of CPU is your system using? 10. Close all windows. On your desktop double-click on My Computer icon. A) Including hard drives, how many drives are listed, and which drive letters are assigned to them? ) What differences, if any, are there between a list of components derived from the physical inspection versus a list of components derived from My Computer and System Properties? 11. Boot on Windows 7 and make sure Windows starts with no errors. 12. On your Windows 7, click Start, then Control Panel I System Security I System. Answer the following questions. B) What type of CPU is your system using? C) What is the System type (32 or 64 bit)? D) How much RAM is installed in your system? E) Including hard drives, how many drives are listed, and which drive letters are assigned to them?

Creepy Craig

Creepy Craig It was almost like lying in a boiling rubber blowup pool. The air was thick and Zara couldn’t manage to fall asleep. The strange noises from across the hall filled the silence of her apartment again. Zara always felt suspicious of the man who lived there, because when she waited for the lift to go to the floor of her unit, he would stand there at least four times a week and watch her as the doors closed. The creepy thing about that was, when the lift reached the sixth floor, he would be there as she stepped out.She always thought of him as her own personal stalker. Creepy Craig. Maybe he was harmless? Who cares! Zara wanted out. The last time she got out of the lift at her own floor, Creepy Craig was standing there leering at her offering ANZAC cookies. Enough was enough. She needed to get out of his apartment now. Even Ben, her boyfriend thought the guy was a creep. He wanted to sort him out but Zara didn’t want him to do that. Right now, she wished Ben wa s at home instead of playing Rugby with the local club in Southport. She reached for her mobile phone and called him.Zara was pleased to hear that Ben was on his way home. Even better, he had already been searching and had found a nice new apartment. He wanted her to see the next day. Their new place was amazing, right on the Broadwater overlooking water which glistened like diamonds in the sunlight as the squeals of the kids with their families echoed into the distance. Having a new unit was great. Just what Zara and Ben wanted. The relief of not worrying about Creepy Craig any more made her feel relaxed for the first time in months.Sitting on the balcony with the blistering Australian twelve o’clock sun hovering above, Zara and Ben relaxed with a refreshing icy cold glass of beer. They talked about their plans for tomorrow afternoon’s family picnic at the Broadwater and how Australia Day this year was going to be amazing. Ben would make the waterslide for the kids; a unty Sue would take the name out of the hat to see who was going to cook the barbeque this year. Zara and Ben both hoped it wasn’t going to be Gazza again. Last time he cooked he burnt all the sausages and set fire to his own shirt.Zara thought he had one too many beers that day. Aside from the disaster last year, they were both getting excited. As the afternoon wore on and the heat of the sun dissipated, Zara and Ben were feeling very relaxed. Out of nowhere, loud crashes resonated as if pots and pans were being hurtled across a room. From the unit above, the crash was accompanied by a girl yelling and a man swearing. Unsettled by the noise and wondering if the girl was okay, Ben left their unit and got the elevator to the eleventh floor. He followed the sound like a detective finding clues to a murder scene.Zara waited anxiously on the balcony on the floor below, worrying about what was actually happening up there and if Ben really should have gone to investigate. Everythin g went strangely silent. An ear-piercing scream split through the air. There, in a single second, but seeming like slow motion, a beautiful young girl glided past her balcony like a feather. Zara met her eyes and in a heartbeat she felt like she saw the girl’s whole life in a flash. She was gone. Zara froze like a statue. Ben burst through the door, demanding to know what had happened as he couldn’t get anyone to open to his knocking at the unit above.Zara couldn’t get any words out. All she could manage to do was point to the balcony repeatedly. When Ben returned, he looked pale and sick. They stood looking at each other for a few seconds; they both seemed to come out of their stupor after Ben called the police. People were out on their balconies all over the building, gazing in shock at the terrible sight below. Police and ambulance sirens blared towards their building. The afternoon ended in a haze of uniforms all over the place. Because Zara and Ben’s unit was directly below where the girl fell, they had to be questioned by the police.They told their stories and signed statements. Their fantastic day had ended in tragedy. They felt quite sick as they went to bed that night. When the brightness of the morning woke Zara and Ben, they discussed whether they should cancel their plans but both really wanted to get out of the unit and be with their family and friends. So it was decided that Ben would take the esky down to the basement, pack the car, drive up to reception and pick Zara up from there. After bed Ben phoned to say he was on the way, Zara waited at the reception.She felt uneasy about being on her own but it was only a few minutes until she would be out of the building and with Ben. She shared the lift with the manager of the building, Steve. They briefly discussed the sad and frightening event of yesterday. Steve couldn’t say very much because it was still a police matter. When the lift doors opened a t the ground f loor, Zara looked up and standing in the foyer was Creepy Craig. â€Å"That’s the poor man who lost his girlfriend over the balcony yesterday. † Steve said to Zara whispering the news.

Technology and the Minds of Man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Technology and the Minds of Man - Essay Example Einstein's theories have made spaceflight, nuclear energy, and the discovery of universes beyond our own possible, but the question still haunts us; can an atomic bomb fall into the hands of a global tyrant. Today's technology has made it possible to peer into a man's life, follow his every move, create his most intimate moods, and build an offspring to his exacting specifications. Science can hold the keys to progress or build the doomsday machine. Still, the scientists have no obligation to assure that the science they create will be used responsibly. It is the citizens of the global community that are given the task to make an ethically sound decision. Science's simple goals are to discover and create, while it is society that needs to exert the cultural pressures needed to control our runaway technology. The horror stories that relate to the egregious misuse of technology fill our headlines on a daily basis. The war on terror has been used as a justification for using cutting edge technology to spy on American citizens, as well as hunt down and interrogate the nation's alleged enemies. While the human intuition recoils in fear and disgust at the insideous use of science to interrogate prisoners, the argument in favor of it is neither new or without merit. Michael Koubi, a former chief interrogator for Israel's General Security Services, has for decades been, "experimenting with captive human beings, cajoling, tricking, hurting, threatening, and spying on them, steadily upping the pressure, looking for cracks at the seams" (Bowden). Sixty-five years ago pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly experimented with altering the moods of primates by implanting electrodes in their brain (Bowden). It has been widely reported that these technologies are currently being used to interrogate terrorists b y the US government and its agents. Government secrets are often slow to surface, and they may have newer and more effective methods that are yet to be reported. Yet, Eli Lilly is not the morally responsible agent for the decision to put their technology to use on an involuntary human subject. Advocates point to the necessity of getting time sensitive information from a suspect, and technical interrogation is often helpful in saving thousands of innocent lives. Indeed, an educated person can make a solid moral argument for sacrificing one criminal's suffering to save thousands of blameless victims. However, there is a point on the scale of morality where we begin to fall down the slippery slope to anarchy and chaos, where we violate the humanness of mankind. Society, the government, and the law need to be firm, decisive, and ethical in their effort to control these centuries old urges, techniques, and strategies. The use of technology is no more controversial than it is when it involves the sanctity of the human body. Medicine can transplant vital organs, regenerate body parts, and sustain life well beyond the natural term. Today, medical science has almost made it possible to order a baby as easily as we order a cheeseburger at a drive-up window. Genetic manipulation will soon offer people the opportunity to select a baby's most detailed traits such as hair color, musical

Personal Mission Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Mission Statement - Essay Example My goals and objectives in life are multifaceted and I believe I can achieve them all. The goal is to be successful in my personal life, professional life and become a better person in general. I am a single mother of a wonderful nine year old kid and I would like to be the best mother to my son. My son is my source of my personal happiness and I would like to provide him not only his material needs but also the love and support that would make him the best person he can be. I could not be more than happier to see that my son well taken-cared of and loved. I make sure that I spend quality time with him no matter how busy I am. Professionally, I would like to have a career in the future that is not only financially rewarding but also personally fulfilling as well. I would like to have a career in the future that touches people’s lives and that makes a difference in the community (no matter how small) that I am in. I also would like to have a career in the future that allows me to balance work with my personal life so that I will also have the time and energy to attend to my son. I also would like to contribute something to my community like engaging in some volunteer work to have the personal satisfaction that I made a difference. I believe that these goals can be achieved by following the guidelines set by Steven Covey’s Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. These habits include being proactive, begin the end in mind, put first things first, think win-win, seeking first to understand, then to be understood, synergize and sharpen the saw. These are simple rules or guidelines that enable an individual to become effective in the things that he or she does that would ultimately make him or her successful in whatever undertaking an individual may chose. Being proactive in the Seven Habits simply meant making the right decisions to become effective. In my case, to

Consumer behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Consumer behavior - Assignment Example Using the system has got many advantages over conducting a market research. First, it can collect data from a vast sample of shoppers thus increasing the reliability of the information as compared to the market research which only uses a small sample to represent the entire population. It is also cheap since getting this amount of information through market research can prove to be very expensive, especially when one needs to establish baseline data. Using the system also eliminates bias encountered during collection and entry of data. However, an actual market research is more applicable when looking for information before introducing a new product into the market since it can be based on the emotions and realities of the consumers’ lives and hence have greater chance of success (Pan, ПÐ °Ã ½ & ПÐ °Ã ½, 2008). Marketing strategies can also be evaluated before implementation. This is important as it helps a firm to increase the possibilities of success of the strategy (James, 2013) thus avoiding huge losses that may be incurred through failure of a marketing strategy. A successful marketing strategy is one which is measurable, clearly articulated, achievable and actionable (James,

Morality And Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Morality And Business - Essay Example But here, the key fact to be noted is that, the existing laws have authorized these false claims, to a certain extent. Here, the obvious implication is that most of the businesses need to adhere to ethics, only to the extent dictated by the law. Beyond that, most of the entities are in no way willing to tread on the path of morality, lest their commercial motives are compromised. (1) Whether staunch adherents of morality like it or not, but the fact is that businesses cannot afford to lay excess emphasis on ethics, barring the legal stipulations. This is even more relevant in this contemporary era of heightened competition. There is no way in which business houses can survive in the markets if they choose to give tremendous weight to moralistic ideals. In the context of the subject being focused upon in this paper, the only candid response is â€Å"Yes! It is not moral to do business!† Here, it has to be specifically mentioned that this particular response is addressed to only those who believe that, come what may, there should not be even a minute deviation from the ethical principles. (1) Of course, there is no denying of the fact that, even in this day, there are business organizations running the extra mile in sticking to some aspects of morality. In most of these cases, this results from the entities being committed to any particular social cause, or being associated with any non-profit organizations. Whatever may be the driving force behind the moral commitment of a business, the key point is that it is their voluntary decision to address various ethical issues. The law in no way mandates that business houses do stick to all the norms that fall under the purview of morality. (1) A brief focus on another real life example would make one to comprehend as to why morality, after a certain point, has no place in business practices. When the matter of deliberations between management and trade union is taken, the irrefutable fact is that both the parties conceal the truth from each other. It is also a fact that when viewed only from the angle of ethics, lying is highly improper. But in this example, both the parties are aware that the other party is lying, and owing to this, it just cannot be expected that there is a scope for speaking the truth. As a matter of fact, in this example, if either of the party decides that there is nothing greater than being moralistic and that they should speak only the truth, then there would be only one consequence: Its interests would be compromised at the altar of moralistic idealism. (1) It is not that all the arguments are only one side; there are people who strongly argue that businesses can further their commercial objectives, even by laying lot of emphasis on ethical norms. For example, an argument here is that when a company, by adhering to morals, manufactures safe products, the same would drastically minimize the chances of facing suits related to product liability. This in turn makes sure that even the financial resources of the company are safeguarded. For, it is but obvious that severe financial implications are inevitable while facing legal suits.

Answer the following and write each answer to each page , it has to be Assignment

Answer the following and write each answer to each page , it has to be 4 pages - Assignment Example n the ties between a given religions enables spiritual strength in this essence sharing basic meal and drinks with people from the same faith strengthen the relationship and work in strengthen beliefs. The concept of communality is all about sharing with those who are less privileged as a means of showcasing the humanitarian aspects. In a wider spectrum the concept of communality is a means of ensuring world peace by reducing the aspects of conflict (Boff 233-65). In situations where exist a culture of intolerance the concept of communality. In this case conflicts arise due to either lack of tolerance or the inequitable in terms of resources. Those deprived basic resources result in conflict as a means of expressing their dissatisfaction According to Boff (197-99) the element of communality is to allow those privileged to share with others as a principle of hospitality. The concept would work a long way to ensure the world is peaceful by eliminating causes of conflicts. The society need to work in the best interest of the human race and create a culture of sharing. The charter of compassion (2008) derives its model based on tolerance. In this compassion is meant to deal with differences that exist within the world. By dealing with religious, political and ideological differences the world would have dealt with the demerits cased by conflicts. The charter outlines how humans coexist within their natural spaces. The bond between humans could be achieved if the charter of compassion is fully realized. The basis of the principle of compassion is laid on spiritual, ethical and religious components. The principle outline the needed for equity, and respect for all human races. According to the charter the world should gear towards creating a culture of similarities by utilizing the necessary mechanism. The charter differs from the concept of communality in that it addresses the responsibility of humans in a bid to minimize conflict. In this case the element of

A Right to Bear Glocks by Gail Collins Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Right to Bear Glocks by Gail Collins - Article Example The writer is not ready to blame Loughner alone for this incident; she indirectly mentions that the mentality of the Americans who think it is necessary to have free access to weapons is to be changed. Otherwise, there should be clear distinction between the kind of weapons citizens can bear for self-protection and lethal weapons of mass killing. However, the writer points out how frightened the American political workers and the government are to campaign against the all-powerful National Rifle Association. The title of the article ‘The Right to Bear Glocks’ is highly metaphorical in nature. In one way, it can be defined as the writer asking if the right to arms means the right to bear lethal weapons like Glocks. In another way, it can be defined as the writer mocking at the right to ‘have’ arms as the right to ‘tolerate’ arms. To show how the concept of democracy is misused, the writer narrates the fate of a nine-year-old girl who had recently been elected to the student council at her school. She attended the campaign to learn ‘how democracy worked’ met a   tragic death. In this article, the writer wants to show how a population suffers the perils of their own craze for weapons. Gabrielle Giffords herself was an avid supporter of the right to weapons and by narrating her fate, the writer wants to point out the biblical ideology of ‘all they that take the sword shall perish with the sword’ (Mat 26:52). In addition, another concept the writer indirectly implies is the way innocent people are affected by the actions of others. The writer says proper rules and regulations could have saved the lives of many people including a church volunteer and a nine-year-old child.  

Assessment item 4 Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assessment item 4 Report - Essay Example Pepsi was able to maintain such big reputation in international markets because of their innovative distribution strategies. This paper briefly analyses the distribution strategies of Pepsi in international markets. Distribution strategies of Pepsi Pepsi has concentrated in developing a wide range of distribution channels like, supermarkets/retail stores, fountain/restaurant, convenience stores, vending machines etc for marketing their products. Their product distribution philosophies or objectives were based on; making available all or most of the products in its portfolio within a distance easily reachable by consumers. Pepsi has realized that the beverage market is highly competitive and the customers may not take many efforts in locating the products. Most of the customers who like to purchase a soft drink will select the drink which is easily accessible to them. They will never travel long distances to purchase a soft drink even if they like a particular drink very much. Pepsi k nows better about the above consumer psychology and they structured their distribution channels in such a way to meet the customers at their doorsteps rather than asking the customers to travel lengthy distances in search of Pepsi products. In order to meet the above objective of shortening the distance between the customers and Pepsi products, â€Å"PepsiCo had developed various distribution models to offer its products and services to customers including the Direct Store Delivery (DSD), Broker Warehouse Distribution (BWD) and Vending & Food Service (V&FS) systems etc† (PepsiCo's Distribution and Logistics Operations, n. d). Advanced logic systems were also incorporated to the distribution channels in order to ensure hassle free transport of Pepsi products across the world. Moreover, in order to serve the customers more effectively and efficiently, Pepsi has made agreements with the local bottling companies. Direct channels, retailer channels, wholesaler channels, agent or b roker channels, dual channel or multiple channels etc are some of the common channels opted by product manufacturers to distribute their products. The distribution channels is selected based on the nature of the product, type of customers, market size, the producer’s level of control, the size of the producing company, the size of the retailers etc (The Retail Distribution Channel, n. d, p.36). PepsiCo is one of the largest companies in the world and they can opt for any type of distribution channels because of their immense financial capabilities. Pepsi has made use of different distribution channels based on the geographical characteristics and the cultural and economical aspects of the country in which they operate. For example, in countries like America and Middle East, Pepsi vending machines are available large in number whereas in countries like India instead of vending machines,

Samsung Electronics Essay Example for Free

Samsung Electronics Essay Samsung Electronics, one of the largest semiconductor manufacturers. It is also South Korea’s top electronic company. It makes many kinds of consumer devices, including DVD players, digital TVs, and digital still cameras; computers, color monitors, LCD panels, and printers; semiconductors such as DRAMs, static RAMs, flash memory, and display drivers; and communications devices ranging from wireless handsets and smartphones to networking gear. The company, which is the flagship member of Samsung Group, also makes microwave ovens, refrigerators, air conditioners, and washing machines. Nearly half of sales come from the Asia/Pacific region. II. Situational Analysis (TOWS) Threats 1) Relentless deflation 2) Rivals can buy similar technologies from other vendors without tying up capital or making long term commitments. 3) Chinese companies keep driving prices ever lower, leveraging super cheap wages and engineering talent. 4) Direct and strong Competitors (Apple Computer Inc., Motorola Inc., Sony Corp., Nokia, etc.) in a tough environment 5) Korea’s slumping economy─ and in China and other Asian countries struck by SARS epidemic.| Opportunities 1) Venture into new markets 2) Proliferate production outputs 3) Increase capitalization| Weaknesses 1) Too many diversified products 2) Inevitability to decrease price 3) Life cycle of hardware goods is brutally short and subject to relentless commoditization.| Strengths 1) Using the latest and high-end technologies in manufacturing and creating new products (CDMA, DRAM, DLP and NAND) 2) Excellent RD capabilities 3) Fewer layer of bureaucracy 4) Vertically Integrated 5) Diversified product lines 6) Competent employees| III. Hierarchy of Objectives IV. Hierarchy of Problems V. Analytical Tool: TOWS Matrix Internal External| Strengths 1) Using the latest and high-end technologies in manufacturing and creating new products (CDMA, DRAM, DLP and NAND) 2) Excellent RD capabilities 3) Fewer layer of bureaucracy 4) Vertically integrated 5) Diversified product lines 6) Competent employees| Weaknesses 1) Too many diversified products 2) Inevitability to decrease price 3) Life cycle of hardware goods is brutally short and subject to relentless commoditization.| Opportunities 1) Venture into new markets 2) Proliferate production outputs 3) Increase capitalization| S-O * Entering into the software business (S1, S2, S5, O1) * Outsource manufacturing (O2) * Attract more investors (S1, S2, S3, O3) * Exploratory technology development strategy, specifically with respect to the engineering design and prototyping effort (S1, S2, S5, S6, O1 ) * improve the control of cost, quality and delivery times of inputs in order to master vertical integration (S3, S4, O2)| W-O * Continuously tap into and augment e xisting technologies and quick application as soon as new concepts are realized (W1, W3, O1, O3) * To keep sales growing by adding new features, targeting additional segments and adjusting prices (W1, W2, W3, O1, O3)| Threats 1) Relentless deflation 2) Rivals can buy similar technologies from other vendors without tying up capital or making long term commitments. 3) Chinese companies keep driving prices ever lower, leveraging super cheap wages and engineering talent. 4) Direct and strong Competitors (Apple Computer Inc., Motorola Inc., Sony Corp., Nokia, etc.) in a tough environment 5) Korea’s slumping economy─ and in China and other Asian countries struck by SARS epidemic.| S-T * Motivate employees through incentives and by offering better compensation packages. (S5, T4) * Leveraging core competencies (S1, S2, S4, T2, T4) * Initiate CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) programs. (S5, T5) * Focus on Vertical Integration and hardware (S1, S4, S5, T2, T3, T4)| W-T * Aggressive marketing efforts (Advertisements) to create custom er awareness (W1, W2, W3, T2, T3, T4, T5 ) * Clear differentiation and value added pricing (W1, W2, W3, T4) * Realistic profit-based pricing (W2, T3, T4)| VI. Alternative Courses of Action Alternative Coursesof Actions| Description| Pros| Cons| 1. Improve profits to keep up with sales| * adding new features, targeting additional segments and adjusting prices * to intensify marketing efforts| * greater market share * increase in profit * improve brand awareness * threatens competitors| * Increase marketing expenses * Opportunity costs financially in the other functional areas.| 2. Venturing into the software business| * aside selling hardware, Samsung could also develop proprietary software (applications, games and other multimedia)| * Higher margins * Long lead time over rivals * Thriving into a new market segment| * Copyright infringement that can stain Samsung’s brand * Additional capital outlay * High barrier to entry| 3.Aggressive marketing efforts (Advertisements) to create customer awareness| * Aggressive marketing is the back bone of any company to grow. As a matter of fact what determines performance of any company, organization is their MARKETING method .| * Increase consumer awareness globally * Increase in sales * Larger market share * Attracts/Rise in profits * Improve long-term profits * Could gain competitive advantage over competitors * helps in improvement of the quality of the goods * information of products are readily available| * Increasing advertising increases the costs of doing business and cuts into your bottom line. * might jeopardize short-term revenues| VII. Chosen Alternatives * Aggressive marketing efforts (Advertisements) to create customer awareness VIII. Implementation/Action Plan Activities| OVI| Means of Verification| Person- in-Charge(Division, Department, Agency)| Resource Requirement| 1. Meeting with top-level managers on coming up with an excellent marketing proposal| * Approved new marketing proposals| * Minutes of the meeting| * Yun, CEO; BOD’s and executive officers| * HR * Time| 2. Department heads will meet and inform their subordinates (especially the RD and Marketing Dept.) on the changes| * Acceptance and participation of Department heads and subordinates| * Memorandum, a written document signed by the top-level committees| * Department heads and their respective subordinates| * HR * Time| 3. Marketing department will implement the new and approved proposal| * Increased product exposure | * Marketing paraphernalia (Printed ads. And materials)| * Marketing Department| * Financial * Marketing materials| 4. Monitor and evaluate results through sales and profits| * Financial Analysis| * Financial statements, account records| * Both Marketing a nd Finance department| * Book of Accounts * Time * HR * Information System|

Post-modern management Essay Example for Free

Post-modern management Essay It has always been the goal of man to be able to describe humanity and the world in which they live in. In doing this, we are inclined to search for answers, to find resolutions to our needs and problems. Decisions become important and the ability to use knowledge to make intelligent choices become essential. It is not such a wonder then that through all those years, man has developed countless theories and practices and had reinforced them with countless examples. In the world of management and leadership, the conventional approach to things involves a rigid and tested way of creating solutions. Traditional management science, furthermore, involves the use of computational processes to organizational decision making. It starts off with the recognition and definition of the problem in the real world. The ultimate goal then is to find what is needed is to be able to bridge what the present situation lacks to what the intended result is. It is a beginning of the search for improvement. Conventional methods use an idealized and linear manner to fuse the problem and a known pattern or puzzle to create a solvable model. To make a good intellectual decision, it is necessary to conduct optimization, forecasting, modeling and simulation, and decision analysis. It involves finding out what the best feasible option is, what it entails for the future and what its result would be for varying situations. Models are used wherein the object is to be able to match a puzzle to represent the problem in the real world. Traditional models such as linear and dynamic programming, queuing, discrete-event simulation and causal models are used and from all of these, ultimately the best decision is made. This discipline has become integrated to the basic field of management and has become a standard for various functions of business. (Whalen, 2001) In the context of marketing, traditional methods of simplification and reduction to formulae are used. Highly structured devices, pre-determined market and brand standards are employed to achieve desirable goals. Marketers are the one controlling and driving these goals and therefore consumers respond to this. (McKernon) Robbins, in the article of Summers et al. , further reinforces these patterns of cause and effect by relating organizational behavior through scientific methods. The real world is â€Å"mirrored† by organizational behavior through methods of investigating behavior†. (Summers, 1997) Robbins argues that most of the generalizations of man are made on the basis of intuition, not proven facts and thus investigation is needed. Intuition is likened to common sense and that, most of the times, it is inaccurate. Robbins further explains that common sense is different for different groups of people and that investigation tackles diversity. By investigating, managers can better and more precisely handle and predict the behavior of their personnel. This investigation must be coupled with good research especially on the comparison and weighing trade-offs. The use of case studies, surveys, and experiments must be implemented. Robbins further reiterates that generalizations and conclusions must be based on systematic study, scientific evidence supported by verified data. Organizational behavior knowledge is attained by avoiding intuitive approach and focusing more on knowledge based on meta-quantification analysis and surveys. (Summers, 1997) The leader or manager eventually uses these techniques to properly guide the organization and his/her employees. Optimal leadership ultimately depends on internal and external factors. In the organizational behavior perspective, leaders use contingencies such as national culture, gender and race to improve and strengthen the relationship with subordinates. This contingency theory theoretically provides the manager with the capability to independently make decisions and to do amendments necessary to obtain the desired result. Summers et al. , argue that this is a one-sided view. The conventional organizational behavior methods only show how managers can exercise their influence on the workers but not the other way around. Traditional ways involve exploitation and discipline and encourages an ideology of domination. â€Å"Managers are taught skills in getting workers to accept the status quo, to get ahead and to get along with others but not to question the game plan†. (Summers, 1997) As evident in the deconstruction of Robbins article, Summers et al. propose a de-emphasis on this rigid structure of conventional management. Whalen et al advocate this postmodern view and puts focus on discourses and de-emphasized precise and fixed meanings. With this premise, the dynamic quality in knowledge is established. Soft computing is rallied to be a faster, more creative approach to solutions although admittedly, it welcomes inaccuracy and ambiguity. In the perspective of knowledge management, however, this postmodern approach provides ways for problem management that cannot be quantified through mathematical computations. Whalen et al. further discuss three types of knowledge approach, creation by means of evolutionary and neurocomputing, deployment through decision support systems, and discovery by data mining, applied virtual reality and data visualization. In neural methods, the model build on gathered data and experimentation and proceeds by the random systematic search. The model is based on a fixed database and relies on the matching that of an existent criterion. With experimentation, on the other hand, the aim is to look for an action from a set of choices and parameters that would result to the desired outcome. Decision support systems may also use the case-based approach. Knowledge is derived from various case studies and banks on experiential logic to create the optimal response to a problem. Moreover, data mining utilizes different techniques to look for patterns that associate and correlate various fields of databases. Data visualization and virtual reality applications likewise bring the important contribution of human perception that is irreplaceable by artificial computer simulations. Whalen et al. stress the importance of humanizing the decision process and that the organization’s stakeholders are best catered to when managers are able to produce the right choices that assert the organization’s goals and mission. As the world is getting more complex and dynamic, a postmodern stance must be advocated and that this will â€Å"greatly advance our ability to understand how humans make perception based rational decisions in an environment of imprecision, uncertainty and partial truth† (Whalen, 2001) The postmodernism approach also applies to consumer marketing. The media and marketing are important to aid the people in knowing and explaining the things around them and the events that are occurring. While the consumers are getting smarter, a need for a more suited method arises. In postmodern marketing, the styles of consuming and strategies of the consumer are given more emphasis and focus. In an environment that is mobile and complex, sustainable dynamic techniques must be employed. This approach challenges diversity and creates avenues for discourse among differing people. This is beneficial to managers, employees, consumers, and stakeholders alike. With the right facilitation of information, a brand can reach more of its market and thus generate more favorable returns. Postmodernist approach also banks on the use of critique and story-telling for consumers. Effective stories would be able to connect to the consumer and that its result relies on its ability to provide the consumers with meaning and explanations. Critique, on the other hand, is essential for a brand in that it generates feedback; whether it was a success or not depends on the informed reactions of the users. Reinvention and smooth changing of styles are important techniques in a rapidly changing world. A careful way of guiding the consumers from the familiar and traditional to the contemporary and new must be done with good aptitude. McKernon) It is a fact that the world has increasingly become more complex and ever-changing. At the very least, the knowledge that we have to gain and understand about life in general is much more vast and challenging and that traditional methods and techniques for problem solving, whether in organizational behavior or marketing might actually be lacking in such that they may not be able to solve and explain the entirety of the world’ s troubles and unquantifiable conceptions. It is therefore imperative that a healthy mix of traditional and postmodernist approach to business and management be utilized to be able to grasp more of what the world is telling us. Leaders, employees, customers and stakeholders alike must be able to make informed decisions and take into consideration the various models, theories and practices both old and new for them to make real and objective sense of the world and its organization.

Communication Differences in Gender

Communication Differences in Gender Communication is an important part of any genders, with verbal and nonverbal communication styles used on a frequent basis. Both types of communications can be independent or used together, and it can be confusing for both men and women if not used correctly so it is important to make sure miscommunication do not by learning. We will be discussing different communication styles in verbal and nonverbal communication used by men and women, and looking at miscommunication that may occurs between genders. To help and explain this and personal experience will be used, and show various strategies to avoid miscommunication, and find possible solution to miscommunication and keep them to a minimal. Communication Styles Communication will be different when it comes to genders and these differences do not relate to any specific personal experience of a gender, and research as shown men will typically be direct, succinct, personal and instrumental in their communication, while women will try to relate to things, use emotions, and gain understanding in a personal way. This research fact shows how men will engage in a conversation using information, while women will try to build a relationship. With this in mind it has led perception of gender communication whether it is verbal or nonverbal communication. General terms and a use of a function standpoint are typical of male’s verbal communication. A functional standpoint is all about exchanging information and reinforcing relationship. With males being more dominant in communication, women until more recently were stereotyped as being submissive in conversation, but differences in language the gender uses are common and communication in relationship with both genders show a contrast in written and verbal communication not related to anyone gender specially. Verbally both gender show differences in communication, with males in some cases using adjectives that may seem judgmental, and women intensive adverbs. Though many also forget that pitch is common communication difference even if the pitch is not gender specific, it can related to one gender more than the other. Typically speaking women are stereotyped to have higher pitch, while men will have lower pitch sound, even though we know that pitch is not related specifically to a gender. Both gender have specific stereotypes on pitches, like when male uses a higher pitch to not sound feminine, and women using lower pitch when want sound more dominant and credible. Vocabulary use is a noticeable between genders, and seen easily when women are speaking as they will use more diverse vocabulary, while men may not have diversity in vocabulary they will use numbers. Women using communication will commonly divulge information with emotions, attitude, and beliefs, but men will avoid this when po ssible. According to GenderSpeak â€Å"An overabundance of tentative forms of expression in one’s communication can be interpreted as a sign of uncertainty and insecurity. But tentative language may also indicate politeness (Watts, 2003) and may have positive, facilitative uses; these kinds of expressions need not be identified with one sex or the other† (Ivy Backland, Ch. 4, p. 174). Both gender will have similarities and differences in their verbal communication, but so will their nonverbal communications. Women are much better at catching nonverbal cues in compared to men, and interpreting cues. Women will commonly use more person nonverbal cue including leaning forward, excellent eye contact to whom they speaking too, while showing more emotional expressions. Men will try change conversation to something with an angle when possible while using less eye contact that shows women will be better at nonverbal communication and staying attuned to them. Miscommunications and Causes Miscommunication experience between both genders may vary, but both gender will have their shares of miscommunications. Males will be more direct when it comes to looking for answers and communications, and they typically will avoid feedback, and not looking multiple option when possible. Females like to using expression, relationships, emotions, and feelings when communication will not have solution, with typical closeness in their communication. Women also do not want advice even if they look like they look like they may need it. It quiet common for males to use conversation to find social order, and try to show their dominance to other in a conversation, but female do not engage in dominance instead they use conversation to be more intimate. Men and women use conversation different and it is important to understand that women tend to have close relationships in their conversation, and will typically seek though, feelings and beliefs, and men want to dominate and find solution in conversation. These differences in communication between the two gender is one of the main causes of miscommunications, as both gender forget to realize that other gender may not communicate in same styles as their gender. With men using communication to dominate socially and get results when communicating, while women will typical use relationships communication, it leads to both gender needing to realize the difference in communication between them so that miscommunications are left to a minimal. Personal Experiences Miscommunication is common occurrence and happen to everyone at some point between men and women, and is also seen quiet often in our societies. IN my personal life I have experience miscommunication and many occasion, and one that would help better understand miscommunication is an argument over a trip needing planning with my girlfriend. Trip planning is an interesting thing as requires a place to go, cost, duration, and other things that will be needed before a trip can be made. With a male and female planning a trip miscommunication is common thing as both may have different ideas, thought, and communication styles to give their ideas. Though stereotypes for genders can be applied in this type a situation, it is not a factor in this situation that will be discussed. In planning a trip with my girlfriend there were miscommunication involved, as both wanted to have control of the conversation, and I would be direct about what I wanted, my girlfriend was not direct and try to bring emotions and relationships into the conversation to convey her points. In the process of deciding on location to go, I was more about going towards a natural and exciting place, while she was wanting a romantic quiet place to go, and we would start arguing over this as we were miscommunicating why we wanted to go to these style of places. With this argument we both had different viewpoints and used different communication styles which we were not understanding, and while I would be direct, she always tried use emotion and relationship in the communicating. This went on for a while until we both realized that neither of us were listening to each other and we need a way to communicate that we both could follow and understand. With us having communication issues we decided to take a breather and try to look at the other person point of view before starting discussion again. In this process I realized she was trying convey her emotion in her communication and bring in relationship, and I may not looked at communicating in this fashion causing miscommunication. After realizing this issue I determine I most try to look at emotional parts of communications, while she realized that try to be more direct would also help and miscommunication were limited on restart of the trip planning discussion. While I was usually more dominate and taking control of discussion in first try, this time around both us try to be equal and my girlfriend took a more dominate role, while I learnt to listen for subtle cues on why she wanted go to a romantic quiet place. In the example above we both realized that we had issues in communication and how we were trying to get our point across, and adjust our communication to come up with solution and clear communication that would work for both of us. Though we still had some miscommunication that were not uncommon in most cross gender relationships it was excellent learning experience. With the change in communication and understanding our communication were not in sync it help us better understand the other and also be more comfortable without worries of hurting other feeling, while adjusting our communication styles so the other could understand and avoid miscommunication. As stated by GenderSpeak â€Å" In expanding their repertoire of communication behaviors, the sexes can learn from each other’s listening tendencies and unlearn some habits and sex-typed conditioning. While listening to support a speaker is an admirable approach, women can expand their listening ability to more thoroughly t rack facts and comprehend information, rather than reading into a conversation more than the facts or trying to â€Å"take the emotional temperature† of the other person (Beebe, Beebe, Ivy, 2007, p. 120)† (Ivy Backland, Ch. 5, p. 203). Effective Strategies With any communication misunderstanding will happen and it not bad idea to have strategies should be available to use to solve these miscommunication. From the personal experience above taking break or pause can be excellent way analyze why communication is not working and work on ways to avoid miscommunications, while helping making a communication move forward so future miscommunication can be avoided before they happen. A pause or break is good way to reflect back on the communication see how you will try re-communicate a thought or idea, though this not the only effective strategies. The pause and break method is great strategy as it does give both side the opportunity to reflect on previous communications and while they failed and how they should proceed to communicate so miscommunication can be avoided. This type strategy also make us all realize that both men and women may have different ways to communicate, whether it is verbally or non-verbally, and look for similarities tha t may be used to help in communicating. It is important in this type strategy to understand that our genders will communicate differently and how we can communicate in the future so less miscommunication will occur. As stated â€Å"A limited amount of information about the sexes and listening behavior exists, but a few key sources agree on a major difference in how men and women listen. It’s not that members of one sex don’t listen as well as the other, but the sexes tend to listen for different purposes.† (Ivy Backland, 2008, Ch.5) The effective strategy above is not the only strategy that is available, to use when having issues in effective communication between genders. Other good ways to effectively communicate include more contact, relationship negations, social support and assistance, increased rewards, and directional definitional. Each strategy can help keep in keeping miscommunication to a minimal, but it should be realized sometimes it not going to work. Even with many different effective strategies to become more effective at communicating, they’re no set strategy that will work best with any communication and situation, and the strategy required can vary to allow for more effective communication. It not uncommon to look at the best solution to answer and with communication the same rule does apply, but it may not work in a communication situation. Conclusion Each gender will communicate differently and it is important that we do understand that sometimes the way we communicate from gender stereotypes and it may not work with the opposite gender. With the many communication styles used by both men and women, and with many of them being similar and different in non-verbal or verbal communication. With women typically using relationships, and men using a more direct approach, both men and women will have miscommunications as they are not realizing the differences in their communication styles. Throughout this paper it has pointed out the various communication styles used by genders and help explain why miscommunication occur who we may avoid them in the future by using various strategies, and learn how each gender may communicate. With many strategies to help with avoid miscommunication it is important to realize that their no guarantee the strategies discussed will avoid the miscommunication completely as sometimes our subconscious may cau se the miscommunication which we will not realize. References Sapiro, V (2002). Women in American Society. An Introduction to Women’s Studies (5th ed.). Manhattan, NY: McGraw-Hill. Ivy, D.K. Backlund, P. (2008). Gender Speak: Personal effectiveness in gender communications (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson: Allyn Bacon Rawluszko, M. (2009). Communication in the conditions of diversity. Kobieta, Biznes, (1-4),53-56. http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/230449979?accountid=458 Gore, J. S. (2009). The interaction of sex, verbal, and nonverbal cues in same-sex first encounters. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 33(4), 279-299. doi:10.1007/s10919-009-00741

Beckett’s Writings :: Literary Analysis, Beckett, Winnie

1. How can you apply the Latin phrase Esse est percipi to a specific and concrete analysis of Beckett’s material? Esse est percipi, or To be is to be seen, is a very profound statement which Beckett seems to use as one of the major themes of his playwriting. Beckett’s Collection of Shorter Plays often have no beginning or end and build good examples of to be is to be seen. Beckett’s utilizes the senses in his writing. With the use of the sense of seeing, and the sense of hearing, Beckett builds his characters very being and thus brings forth the idea of to be is to be seen.. In Happy Days, Beckett created the character of Winnie who is trapped and buried in a mound of dirt. Beckett has written Winnie as being a great deal focused on seeing. During the play, Winnie is constantly doing things that emphasize the act of seeing. She is putting on and removing her glasses, reading the tube of toothpaste, reading the handle of the brush and other such acts. By seeing each item, and reading the writing on it, she justifies its existence and in reading and seeing each item she exists. Her eyes are used as props, opened and shut, demonstrating â€Å"that one sees the other the other sees the one† (28). This declaration is very powerful example of each person justifies the other by seeing the other. Without one seeing the other, there is no one to see the one. In this simple statement, Winnie proclaims the very act of existence. Winnie makes many other statements about the act of seeing, during the play, when talking with her husband Willie, as in â₠¬Å"Could you see me, Willie do you think, from where you are, if you were to raise your eyes to me [†¦] Lift your eyes to me† (28). Winnie needs Willie to look at her to verify that she is still there by seeing him, and him seeing her. Being stuck in the same routine of her day-to-day living can be a prison. By sharing that day with someone, even if it is just hearing or being seen, it gives Winnie a reason to go on and â€Å"to be†. Winnie articulates the feeling of disappearing in a blink of an eye by stating â€Å"Strange feeling that someone is looking at me.

The Yellow Wallpaper -- essays research papers

The Yellow Wallpaper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the short story 'The Yellow Wallpaper'; by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the narrator and her husband move to a colonial mansion for three months in order to help the narrator get better. She moves upstairs in this horrid room with yellow wallpaper. Throughout the story she studies the wallpaper because she isn't allowed out of the room that much because her husband, John, a physician, says that it is best that she stays inside. As she learns more about the wallpaper she realizes that she sees a woman inside it and she spends a lot of time plotting how to free the woman. She locks her room and tears off most of the wallpaper and frees the woman. At the end John comes into the room, sees what she has done and faints. Everyone deals with their personal obstacles differently and 'The Yellow Wallpaper'; is a perfect example because there are many different obstacles throughout the story. The narrator and John both handle them differently and a result of which, is an essential change by both of them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, John handles everything to an extent but he doesn't solve the problem at hand. He tends to run away from it. For example, when the narrator asks, 'why the house had stood so long untenanted,'; he just laughs at her and doesn't even investigate about it, which proves that he just let it go and does nothing about it. And that is what he does throughout the whole story. Also he 'scoffs openly at any talk.'; This means that he doesn't talk about his problems and he would prefer to keep things bottled up then to express how he is really feeling. He is also always 'going into town for more serious cases.'; This is another way in which John deals with his problems, he runs away from them. He also avoids the actual subject by calling his wife a cute name like, 'bless her little heart,'; and, 'my blessed little goose.'; These quotes just make it so he doesn't have to answer the question and then he has relinquished himself from the situation. Another thing th at he does to handle obstacles is he lies. When the narrator says that she doesn't feel any better, and this happens often, then he just says, 'you are getting better, you are eating more and you have more color today.'; So john handles his obstacles in an inefficient and ineffective matter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The... ...hing normally, but she is restricted to a limited amount of socialization. This gives her time to analyze her obstacle and overcome it quicker than John does.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both the narrator and John undergo an essential change. The narrator begins the story as a woman who is somewhat mentally distraught. Throughout the story you can see her become different through her thoughts and actions. By the end of the story she has become clinically insane and is in desperate need for help. John on the other hand does not come to the realization that at the beginning of the story, the narrator has some issues that have to be dealt with and he just ignores them for the most part. Finally at the end of the story he comes to the realization that in fact, his wife is nuts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, everyone experiences obstacles in their life, and all have a different approach in which they attack the obstacle. Some are more effective than others are. The narrator was much more effective than John was because she had time to analyze the problem and then do something about it. Where as John would pretty much just leave it be and hope it eventually went away.

Free College Admissions Essays: Im Ready to Take English to the Next L

I'm Ready to Take English to the Next Level    It is with great excitement that I submit my application to your university's English department for the Bachelor's degree program. Following is a brief autobiography, submitted in fulfillment of part of the university's application requirements.    I began to study English over ten years ago, and rapidly developed a strong interest towards the language. Soon after, I was introduced to an American-based company, the Light House Bookstore, which provides our community with both English instructional books, and language lessons. During one of my frequent visits to this bookstore, I discovered that a small church occupied the second floor of the building, the Lotung Church of Christ. After many visits, and my eventual conversion to the Christian faith, I took every opportunity to attend church events and gatherings to speak with other American members, and quickly became good friends with many of them.    I never lost my interest in the Light House Bookstore however. After many mo...

L Shaddock & Associates Essay

I’ll be presenting the case: L Shaddock & Associates case v Parramatta City Council. First, I’ll provide a brief summary of situation that resulted in the court case, followed by the case itself, which brings up issues of duty of care and negligent mis-statement, and concluding with the judgement that was passed. The CASE: Shaddock proposed to purchase a property for the purpose of redevelopment. A telephone inquiry made by Mr Carroll, Shaddock’s solicitor, as to whether there was any local road widening proposal, was answered in negative. A written application lodged with the Council, for various certificates, AND an request for an indication of any such proposal, returned with no reference made, so Shaddock entered into a contract to purpose the property. However after the settlement of the property, part of the land was subsumed by the Council, for road widening purposes, and Shaddock sued Parramatta City Council for damages of negligent misstatement, breach of duty and care and liability for providing erroneous information. DUTY OF CARE: This case brings to light, issues of duty and care associated with liability of providing negligent mis-statement. To establish whether there was indeed a duty of care or not, 3 criteria must be satisfied. These are: The advice is of business or serious nature Defendant should have known that the plaintiff intended to rely on advice Reasonable in circumstances for plaintiff to rely on defendant’s advice In reference to judgement passed in another case: Mutual Life & Citizens’ Assurance Co. Ltd: The majority view held was that, duty of care is cast only on a person who carries on a business or profession which involves giving of advice of a kind which calls for special skill and competence, or let it be known he claims to possess skill and competence. In this case, it was argued that there was a difference in giving of advice and the giving of information, where the later, would not necessarily require an exercise of skill or judgement. It was established that the Council: As a public body, it was common practice to supply information for purposes of public functions: That the information given would be relied upon by others, and thus Under a duty to exercise reasonable care that information is given is correct. In the present case, it was also found that: Mr Carroll believed that the absence of any notation to a local road widening proposal indicated that there was indeed none. His previous experience indicated that it was practice of Council, to type or write (in red ink), a reference to the any proposal at the foot of the certificate. An examination in Council files of period January 1971 to July 1973, found 650 certificates indorsed with references to road widening proposals. There was no evidence to explain the failure to make a reference on the certificate issued to Mr Carroll. He also relied on Council to exercise reasonable care in advising him, as the Council was in a better position of the existence of such proposal. This was inferred from the fact that the supplier was the exclusive possessor of the information. Given the importance of certificates sought, the purpose of information as conveyancing, conveyed quite clearly that in the inquiry has been made in connexion with the sale of a property and, thus indicative that the advice was of business or serious nature. In conclusion, The duty of care did not exist when Mr Carroll made an oral inquiry, as it was informal, and he did not identify the officer to whom he spoke, nor followed oral request by confirming the conversation in writing. The duty of care gave rise to liability for negligent mis-statement, in the written application, as it were practice of the council to do so, knowing that one may suffer loss if info proved incorrect. Liability is not confined to those who have special skill or competence, but also to those whose profession to give advice or information. Resulted in damage compensation of $173938 for purchase of property and expenses related to holding the property

Hunters in the Snow

Mikael Habtezion Mrs. Walker English 1B 5 July 2011 A Snowy Haven A neighborhood full of eyes watching with judgmental thoughts aimed at you. Gossip behind every corner, evaluating everything you do, avoiding any contact with someone so profligate. No one wishes to be in such a lonely and ostracized state. That’s why everyone strives to conceal each troublesome and embarrassing problem in their lives, appearing to the world as a worry-free, cheerful, and enthusiastic person.In the short story â€Å"Hunters in the Snow† by Tobias Wolf this act of concealing a person’s inner and true self in order to avoid judgment occurs amongst the main characters. There are three men who go on a hunting trip: Kenney, Frank, and Tub. As they find themselves unable to find deer to hunt, Tub shoots Kenney in fear of being shot himself since Kenney was threatening to shoot him first. The hunters reason amongst themselves that they have to drive him to the hospital themselves, but on the way Tub and Frank stop to warm up at bars a few times.In this story we learn that Tub claims to have problems with his glands, which is why he is overweight, and we get a clue that Frank is hiding something about his personal life in a conversation with Kenney. Throughout the story, these characters are always covered with white snow, even as the title suggests. Symbolically, white is a color of purity and innocence; throughout the story, Frank and Tub seem more innocent than their true selves would actually allow. Not until the end when they go into the bar to warm up and the snow â€Å"melts† off, are their genuine personalities and their secrets revealed.In â€Å"Hunters in the Snow† Wolf cleverly uses snow as a metaphor to mask Frank and Tub’s personal problems. In this short story, Frank’s personal problems are secreted through the metaphor of snow. The reader knows that he has a family: a loving wife and kids. Throughout the story the author ex poses nothing about Frank that would cause the reader to judge him in any way. However, one thing is brought up about a â€Å"certain babysitter† but not enough evidence is given in order to judge him yet (622). During the story, Frank was driving â€Å"with the now blowing in his face† (629). When Wolf says this, he elucidates to the observant reader that the snow is covering him. The white snow is brightening his outward appearance, and in turn, letting his inward appearance fade away. After their friend Kenney gets shot, they drive him to the hospital. They author displays them as good friends at this point. On the trip, Frank argues that they have to stop at a bar because â€Å"if [him] and Tub don’t get warmed up [they’re] going to freeze solid† (631). By saying this Wolf strengthens his metaphor as he puts more snow on him.When they arrive at the bar Frank orders coffee and he â€Å"craddl[es] the steaming cup in his hands. His skin was bone white† (631). At this moment, Wolf is placing the false identity next to what reveals it. He places the door next to the key; this key will unlock the secrets which lay behind that door. Wolf displays how white Frank is and how innocent he looks, but also in a parallel manner he displays the steaming coffee, which can literally melt that snow away and figuratively â€Å"melt† his false identity away. Right after the melting begins to take place, Frank’s inner secrets become revealed.Frank confides in Tub as he exposes that â€Å"[he] thinks [he’s] going to be leaving Nancy, [his wife]† (631). Tub tries to find a reason for this and becomes curious if Nancy has been having an affair. However, Wolf completely takes away Frank’s haven of innocence by elucidating that â€Å"Nancy hasn’t been running around†¦[Frank] has† even though â€Å"[s]he’s been damned good to [him] all these years† (632). By saying this, Fr ank’s refuge beneath the snow’s innocence is lost, and he becomes a target for judgment by the reader.After warming up and letting the snow melt off, it is unveiled that Frank has lost the purity he once had in the reader’s eyes and has stooped to a lower level of respect. After he confesses himself to Tub, â€Å"[t]he snow fall lightened and the clouds began to roll back off the fields† (633). When this is stated, the metaphor of the snow as a refuge which hid Frank’s secrets begins to fade away since his secret is made known to the reader. Not only does Frank use snow to hide himself and appear to be innocent, but Tub does as well.As his nickname suggests, Tub is overweight. When the three friends were hunting and took a break, everyone brought out their own fulfilling food, except for Tub. When they ate, â€Å"Tub put out one hardboiled egg and a stick of celery† and when his friends wondered how he can eat like this but still be gaining weight, Tub defended himself by saying, â€Å"’What am I supposed to do?†¦ It’s my glands’† (623). However, earlier when he was getting picked up by Kenney and Frank to go hunting, â€Å"a sandwich fell out of his pocket† then â€Å"[h]e picked up his sandwiches and cookies† (621).The reader is given an idea that something is fishy and it can be seen that there is more to the story than meets the eye, but we are not given enough information to judge Tub yet. When Frank and Tub were trying to help Kenney into the back of the truck after he was shot, Tub accidently dropped him. Frank became frustrated and declared, â€Å"You fat moron†¦ You aren’t good for diddly† (629). After this incident, Wolf pushes the reader to sympathize with Tub in his time of being isulted and therefore Wolf cleverly makes the previously aroused suspicions disappear.After they get Kenney in the truck, and they hit the road, â€Å"the snow was moving white wall in front of their lights; it swirled into the cab through the hole in the windshield and settled on them† (630). Wolf persists with his metaphor and shelters Tub’s inward identity and secrets with this white snow that displays purity. On their way to the hospital, Frank and Tub stop again to warm up. They used â€Å"an automatic hand dryer in the bathroom and they took turns standing in front of it†¦letting the jet of jot air breathe across their faces and chests† (633).This becomes Tub’s threshold to letting his secrets out. Just like Frank, Tub’s snow and light begin to melt away and his personal and embarrassing problems become visible. Tub sits down with Frank and throws his shrouded problems into the open for disclosure. Tub admits that â€Å"’when [he] said that about [his] glands, that wasn’t true. The truth is [he] shovels it in’† (634). With this, Tub is completely relinquished of his ivory   tower and his secret is revealed. Tub becomes a target for judgment, just like Frank, for the reader.As the essay has illustrated, snow is used as a metaphor by Wolf in order to hide the true identities and inward secrets of Frank and Tub. When the snow melts off of these hunters, their skin is revealed and likewise their inner secrets come to the surface and become subject to judgment. Everyday people become subject to judgment by society for large mistakes such as having an affair to small ones such as stepping on someone’s toe. It is almost impossible not to be judged in some way by society, just as it is almost impossible not to judge others.We tend to look at people as if we are better than them without even considering our own state of being. For example, a person shouldn’t accuse a neighbor of having a dirty floor, when their own carpet is soiled with three times the dirt. As time passes by hopefully we can look past the faults of our fellow human beings, an d accept that we are humans and have our own faults and have no business taking the roll of â€Å"judge† when it is unnecessary. Then can we abide in a world without the fear of being our true self; then we can progressively work on our personal problems and strive to become more improved and upright people.

Gen Y and Marketing

Along with other influences such as environment and social events, technology plays a large part in influencing their characteristics even more than it did with previous generation, in which technology has influenced all aspects the generation's lifestyle including behavior, learning, colonization, culture, values, and work (Taproots, 1998). Huntley (2006) points that the mobile phone is perceived as a personal communication device and fashion accessory for this generation, which became an extension of their own body.Topcoat's (1998) survey found, â€Å"two-thirds of the children were more refection on the computer then their parent's†. In addition, technology has influenced Gene-Y perception of time, space, and speed through immediate access to vast amounts of information and to a manifold of people within the reach of their fingers or the keyboard (Huntley, 2006). What is Marketing? Kettle (2001) states that people generally perceived marketing as an activity that involves w ith selling and advertising because they normally see marketing activities in term of advertisements and selling of products on TV, newspapers, internet, etc..However, Kettle (2001) explains that selling and advertising are only a part of arresting tools helping to increase awareness or stimulate consumer demand for a firm's product or service. Although these two activities (selling and advertising) are important, it may not always be true that they are more important than other marketing activities. In today business, Kettle (2001) suggests that the old marketing concept that perceived marketing as selling tool employed after a firm made product or service is not applicable.Successful businesses now focus on creating customer satisfaction, in which the marketing concept has been changed from creating trade to alluding a customer satisfaction. Therefore, Kettle (2001) points that marketing started before the production, in which a firm needs to understand customer's want and need, t o study market opportunity and a firm's competitiveness, and should be able to develop suitable strategies for its products and services at any stage in This process may involve product development, product pricing, choosing distribution channel and effective promotional tools.All of these activities aim to ensure that the product will not be difficult to sell and can be successful in the marketplace. In this sense, marketing is a tool that the firm used to motivate consumer to achieve its goal (Kettle, 2001). Gene Y and Online Marketing While technology has influenced all aspects Gene Yes lifestyle (behavior, learning, colonization, culture, values, and work), businesses are also noticing the technology demands of Gene-Y and use it to create customer satisfaction (Bernard, 2003).Focusing on the consumer behavior of Gene Y, Heaver (2008) states that â€Å"Today's younger, more ‘green' shoppers aren't going to waste precious money and gas going from store to store looking for Just the right item. They shop online whenever they can, narrowing their choices to one or two items-then go to the store to touch, feel, bounce and check out the actual product to see if it looks the way it was represented online†.In management point of view, Chaff eye (2005) defines online-marketing as the technological application using internet to facilitate marketing efforts for achieving organizational goals by increasing user knowledge. Raff et al. (2002) stated that â€Å"The aim of internet marketing is to build and maintain the relationship between customers through online exchange of information about the goods and services room buyer and seller†.Barrett (2008) describes online marketing as an marketing effort that involve with â€Å"carefully targeting users and getting them to interact with you while they're engaged with the most personal, intimate medium ever invented†. Found (2008) observes that there is various online marketing instruments includi ng banners, sponsorship, pop- ups, push technologies, links, paid searches, interactive media, e-commerce, online magazines and newspapers, social networks, as well as user generated videos such as Youth, and blobs. With the internet age, customers eave more choices than ever, in which offering good products is not enough.Found (2008) points that many companies are opting to build interactive communities on their websites for customers so that some of these communities or social networks allow marketers to learn how consumers feel about a brand, and what they would change about a product. In a social network, Found (2008) states that â€Å"there are some people who Join to grab information, others like to distribute material to others, some just want to simply look around and others want to shape the activity of the group†. According to Fight (2007) this type of interaction â€Å"can lead to new products and inspire new positioning and inform marketing programs†.Many s ocial websites have been introduced including Twitter, Backbone, My Space, and etc. That consumers can learn of new products, share experiences, get excited about new products or vent about negative experiences (Found, 2008). As a result, this could be an advantage or disadvantaged to any company. Mains (2007) mentioned that the absence of meaningful metrics in online marketing is a key issue that trouble many marketers, in which other obstacles that prevent companies from spending more money on online tools, and insufficient capabilities.According to Mains (2007), some sites are also bombarded with advertisements making some information get unnoticed. Research Objective Given the fact that technology plays an important part in the daily lives of Gene Y, and the growth on online technologies, social networking and mobile technologies is changing the consumer behavior, a local shopping mall where most of its customers are Gene Y is interested in finding out how it can best employ onl ine and mobile cosmologies to enhance their online marketing efforts to attract Gene Y shoppers and increase their spending in its stores.Research Questions 1) How the technology affects buying behavior of Gene Y? 2) What are advantages and disadvantages of buying products at stores? 3) What are the main motivators of Gene Y to go out for shopping? 4) What are the satisfaction levels of customers on the store's products and services? 5) What are the loyalty levels of the firm? 6) What does Gene Y likes, dislikes, and suggests about the firm's online communication tools? 7) What are the firm's marketing strategies that needs to be improve in order to increase sales?Research Methodology Qualitative Approach Michael (2010) suggest that the qualitative research is normally used when â€Å"we don't know what to expect, to define the problem, to develop an approach to the problem, as well as to go deeper into issues of interest and explore nuances related to the research problem†. Meanwhile, the quantitative research is used to quantify data and generalize results from the population of interest through sampling, in which sometimes followed the qualitative research that is previously used to explore some findings further (from Snappers. M). In the research, the researcher wants to explore and develop an initial understanding of Gene Y and online marketing for further decision making. Therefore, the qualitative research approach is used to answer the research questions. Michael (2010) also states that there are many data collection methods used in qualitative research, including focus groups, in-depth interviews, observation, and etc.Research Technique – Focus Group Enemies and Richard (2001) suggests that focus groups are one of the most frequently used research techniques for making consumer research to learn about consumer evolve a marketing strategies in efficient and effective manner. Enemies and Richard (2001) explains that focus group normally co nsists of 8-12 people from the sample population bringing into a group to express their idea, felling, attitude, and beliefs according to a question and other member's comments.Thus, the major advantage of focus group is that the researcher can acquire numerous and diverse views from the respondent (Enemies and Richard, 2001). Sample Population The characteristics of sample population should be male or female aged around 9-33 years old at present, in which they used technology at higher rates than people from other generations. Sample Size The researcher chose to conduct 3 focus groups with 10 participants each as higher â€Å"N† is to reduce the sampling error (Peter, 2000).Therefore, the sample size used in this research is 30. Sample Selection Bonito (2008) suggests three main considerations selecting participants in focus groups, including their personal characteristics, location, and issue knowledge. Personal characteristics, as defined by the sample population, are male or female geed around 19-33 years old at present. Participant's location should be not far from the place where the researcher conducts the focus groups. Finally, participant should be familiar with internet and social networking.Data Collection Process The focus groups will be conducted during February 1-15, 2013, with the first focus group on February 1, the second on February 8, and the third one on February 15. The focus group processes will take an approximately 90-120 minutes, as suggested by Enemies and Richard, (2001). During the focus group, the researcher will record all investigations through digital audio recorder, as suggested by Crewel (1998). All focus group will be taken at the meeting room of the shop, in which appointment with all participants will be made and confirmed 3-7 days in advance.

Summary of the Case on Uganda

Summary of the case The Charles Martin in Uganda story shows how companies can often be at adds with a manager who is managing operations in a distant land. The values and normal tendencies of a company can sometimes be interpreted much differently by the manager on the ground. In this example, we will look at how Charles Martin dealt with cultural differences of Uganda and the U. S. -based Hydro Generation (HG) Company. On the surface, the diverse culture could be seen as a turn off to foreign companies, but HG, with the help of Charles Martin’s life experiences and scholastic knowledge of the region saw an opportunity to grow in Uganda.But at first glance this may prove to be difficult for HG. This was HG’s first pursuit of business in Africa ,so growing pains were almost certainly be felt. Like many African countries, Uganda has a tumultuous history. With the dictatorship of Idi Amin ruling with an iron fist, life in Uganda was difficult (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sulliv an, 2011). A diverse country in terms of religious sects, Christianity is the majority, though there is a large number of Muslims among many other religions (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2011).In terms of language spoken, English is the official language, however many speak only an indigenous language such as Bantu or Nilotic (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2011). In addition the history, language, and religion, HG Company had to also take into consideration the tribal normalcy’s as well as business normalcies in Uganda . With the pending displacement of 700 villagers (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2011), HG was now faced with its first major hurdle that most companies will face when expanding globally.This hurdle is best described in how to best coexist with the cultural norms of a country. Instead of trying to simply impose the will of HG Company, they assembled a package that they felt would best benefit those being displaced. HG (hydro generation) is U. S based comp any. Specialist in power plants (dams). It values strongly built in the Christian culture. It has built plants 16 countries maintained an ownership an about half of them. The Uganda is its first anywhere in Africa. Because their construction involves huge amount of capitalUganda: Uganada officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. Uganda is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by South Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by Tanzania. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, which is also shared by Kenya and Tanzania. Uganda takes its name from the Buganda kingdom, which encompasses a large portion of the south of the country including the capital Kampala.The people of Uganda were hunter-gatherers until 1,700 to 2,300 years ago, when Bantu-speaking populations migrated to the southern parts of the country. Uganda gained independence from Britain on 9 October 1962. Language Uganda is a multilingual country. Forty of its living indigenous languages. Fall into three main families – Bantu, Nilotic, and Central Sudanic – with another 2 languages in the Kuliak family. English, inherited from the colonial period, and Swahili, which is regionally important, are official languages. There is also a Ugandan Sign Language. all of the Bantu speaking areas of Uganda, dialect continua are very common. For example, people around Mbarara in Ankole District speak Nkole and people from Fort Portal in Toro District speak Tooro, but in the area between those towns one will find villages where most of the people speak a dialect which is best characterized as intermediate between Nkole and Tooro. In recognition of the closeness of four of these languages (Nkole, Tooro, Kiga, and Nyoro), and in order to facilitate work in them such as teaching, a standardized version called â€Å"Runyakitara† was developed around 1990. In south central Uganda, the Bantu languages of Luganda and Soga are largely interintelligible. Religion: Uganda is a predominantly Christian country with a significant (about 12%) Muslim minority. The Northern and West Nile regions are dominated by Roman Catholics and Iganga District in the east of the country has the highest percentage of Muslims. Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the Uganda Constitution but religions are expected to be registered with the government and some religions considered cults are restricted.The Catholic Church, the Church of Uganda, Orthodox Church, and the Uganda Muslim Supreme Council (UMSC) are registered under the Trustees Incorporation Act and most other religious groups are registered yearly as Non-Government Organizations. Economy: Endowed with significant natural resources, including ample fertile land, regular rainfall, and mineral deposits, it is thought that Uganda could feed the whole of Africa if it was commercially farmed. The economy of Uganda has great potential, and it appeared poised for rapid economic growth and development.However, chronic political instability and erratic economic management produced a record of persistent economic decline that has left Uganda among the world's poorest and least-developed countries. The national energy needs have historically been more than domestic energy generation, though large petroleum reserves have been found in the west. After the turmoil of the Amin period, the country began a program of economic recovery in 1981 that received considerable foreign assistance. From mid-1984 onward, however, overly expansionist fiscal and monetary policies and the renewed outbreak of civil strife led to a setback in economic performance.Uganda began issuing its own currency in 1966 through the Bank of Uganda. Prior to the failure of the East African Currency Board, Uganda used other countries' currency. Agricultural products supply nearly all of Uganda's foreign exchange earnings, with coffee alone (of which Uganda is Africa's leading producer) accounting for about 27% of the country's exports in 2002. The industrial sector is being rehabilitated to resume production of building and construction materials, such as cement, reinforcing rods, corrugated roofing sheets, and paint.Domestically produced consumer goods include plastics, soap, cork, beer, and soft drinks. Major Cement manufacturers like ‘Tororo Cement Ltd' caters to the need of building and construction material consumers across East Africa. Hydro generation: HG (hydro generation) is U. S based company. Specialist in power plants (dams). It values strongly built in the Christian culture. It has built plants 16 countries maintained an ownership an about half of them. The Uganda is its first anywhere in Africa.Because their construction involves huge amount of capital and because many groups opposes their construction on the grounds that they typically displace large groups of people. HG wanted to bu ild as many local allies as possible for its Ugandan projects in order to prevent adverse publicity that could lead demonstrations and costly work stoppages. Its employees have a high degree of empowerment, being fully responsible for their actions. There is no code of conduct concerning expatriates lifestyle, but its corporate culture was one that reflected the lifestyle of a prosperous international company.

Auditing and Assurance for Intermediate Accounting - MyAssignmenthelp

Auditors play an important role in ensuring that the Australian investors must be confident about their decisions for the investments. The high quality of the audit is being undertaken by the help of the quality audits that supports the quality of the financial reports and also enables the investors to investors. The construction of the work can be easily made by depicting the concerns which are contributed to the likelihood of the auditor (Horngren, 2014). Therefore the objectives can be easily outlined as per the Australian Auditing model and also the Auditing standards are also followed. The accountants and auditors are having a wide opportunity in the market as the companies have to prepare the financial report with the help of accountants and auditors. The Accounting rules and standards require that the companies have to appoint external auditors to determine and evaluate the fair value of the company. The stakeholders of the companies demand better tracking of the financial health of the company. The changes in the accounting rules, regulations and laws require help from the accountants and auditors by the companies (Weirich, Pearson, & Churyk, 2014). It has become very important for the organizations to present the financial report in an appropriate manner in front of the stakeholders. It has changed the accounting processes of many organizations, and they are depended on the accountants and auditors to prepare the financial statements. The opportunities can be easily explained in the form of the remaining auditing process which is being used for showing the unch anging of the decades that also enables them to have the appropriate test. This simply defines the categories of the auditing liaisons which is being used for the usage of the evolving technology. This simply undertakes the appropriate and actual verification of the payments that is being used for recording the information. The auditing profession in Australia operates under the co-regulatory regimes. The largest professional bodies: CPA Australia, the National Institute of Accountants and Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia have in place codes of ethics and rules that governs the professional conduct of their members. ASIC provides direction for the registration of the auditors. Thus, the auditors have the wide scope to enter into the auditing profession. Any individual who wants to become an auditor is required to make the application for the registration to ASIC (Stice, & Stice, 2014). The individual should satisfy the requirements for the registration as an auditor which includes experience and educational requirement as per the ASIC. The individual should be capable of carrying out his/her auditing duties. ASIC have powers to determine and evaluate breaches of the rules and regulations by the auditors. Membership of the professional accounting body is considered as the legal requirement for becoming an auditor. The subparagraph 1280 (2)(a)(i) of Corporations Act states that members of CPAA or ICAA should satisfy the educational qualification requirements in order to be registered as an auditor. Most of the auditors are the members of one of the bodies. The professional bodies provide wide opportunity to the auditors in order to carry their auditing practices in an appropriate manner (Bodnar, & Hopwood, 2013). The accounting standards changes their rules, laws and standards which need to be followed by the organizations. The organizations have to appoint the accountants and auditors in order to prepare their financial statements as per the accounting standards. The Auditing and Assurance Standards Boards publishes and develops the auditing standards that are similar in framework to the accounting standards that are issued by the AAASB. The CPAA and ICAA have developed the joint code of the professional conduct as the ethical code (Ricchiute, 2006). The audit firms have to carry out their accounting process in an ethical manner which means fair representation of the financial statements. The audit firms also provide wide opportunity to the auditors to continue their auditing profession.   The audit firms have also provided with opportunity under the Australian Auditing Model.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The overall explanation is seemed to be revolving around the opportunities, and the challenges that are faced by the Auditing profession are discussed in this case with the help of the Australian Auditing Model. The use of the artificial intelligence system is also explained in this case which is showing the appropriate applications in the field of accounting and auditing. The preparation of financial statements in an appropriate manner is very much important for the organizations.   Bodnar, G., & Hopwood, W. (2013).  Accounting information systems. Boston: Prentice Hall. Horngren, C. (2014).  Accounting. Toronto: Pearson Canada. Parker, L., Guthrie, J., & Milne, M. (2008).  Accounting, auditing & accountability journal. [Bradford, England]: Emerald. Ricchiute, D. (2006).  Auditing. Mason, Ohio: South-Western/Thomson Learning. Stice, J., & Stice, E. (2014).  Intermediate accounting. Mason: South-Western/Cengage Learning. Weirich, T., Pearson, T., & Churyk, N. (2014).  Accounting & auditing research. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Micro Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Micro - Term Paper Example Yet, in the economic cycle consumer is inevitable to business’s working and survival. As any produced good or service basically relies on consumer’s demand, who consumes it eventually. Thus, consumer’s demand, choice, preferences and decision making are significant aspects of micro economic system as they shed light on how any consumer chooses to exert his influence on any economic activity. Similarly, consumer is faced with the option of choosing from among the diverse products to meet his needs in most efficient way and likewise, utilizing his asset/cash in a prudent manner. Now how a consumer chooses and spends his earning to invest in the capital of the company is a comprehensive and diligent process, which mainly focuses on how two parties (business owner and consumer) involved take business and spending decisions. The main factors which impact the purchase inclination and decision of a consumer are price of the good or services, quality, reliability, durability and feasibility. However, there are many other factors as well, which influence the preferences of the consumer as well like fashion, marketing, government policies, and social or religious preferences. Yet, the core idea to learn about marketing strategy relies in the understanding of consumer decision making (when and how he decides to pay for goods or services). The term which describes how a consumer makes his decision t earn maximum advantage from the purchase any god or services is known as utility. This utility enables the consumer to spend more than usual on the goods/services, which benefit him in more than usual manner. However, not all the consumers can benefit any product/services in a similar way. Thus, diverse level of utility are associated with different types of consumers and this diverse nature of utility creates distinctiveness in the demand of goods/services too. However, this consumer inclination or decision making is received in the form of raw